Calculate kW, kVA, amps, power factor, and line/phase voltages for 3-phase electrical systems. Supports star (wye) and delta configurations with power triangle analysis.
Three-phase power is the backbone of industrial and commercial electrical systems worldwide. It delivers power more efficiently than single-phase, uses less conductor material, and provides constant power delivery (unlike single-phase which pulsates). Understanding three-phase calculations is essential for electricians, engineers, and anyone working with industrial equipment, motors, or large electrical installations.
| Property | Star (Y) | Delta (Δ) |
|---|---|---|
| Line Voltage | V_L = √3 × V_Ph | V_L = V_Ph |
| Line Current | I_L = I_Ph | I_L = √3 × I_Ph |
| Neutral | Yes (4th wire) | No |
| Best For | Distribution, unbalanced loads | Motors, balanced loads |
| Common Systems | 208/120V, 480/277V, 400/230V | 480V, 600V motors |
Power factor measures how efficiently electrical power is being used. A PF of 1.0 means all power delivered is being used productively. Industrial motors typically have PF of 0.80–0.90, meaning 10–20% of the apparent power is reactive (wasted as magnetic fields). Low PF increases current draw, causing higher losses and utility penalties. Power factor correction using capacitor banks can raise PF to 0.95+, reducing current draw and utility costs by 10–20%.